FOB, CIF, EXW, DAP — choose the right delivery term and get a ready bilingual contract in 15 minutes
Parties, documents and specifics for every deal scheme
No need to figure out all 11 options — the generator suggests the right one for your deal
Import or export, goods or services. The generator shows suitable delivery terms and explains the difference.
Choose FOB, CIF, DAP or another — the term is inserted automatically into every relevant section of the contract.
A ready bilingual EN/RU file with correctly worded delivery terms for the bank and customs.
Each type comes with a matching set of delivery terms
FOB, CIF, EXW, DAP — for bringing products into Russia from abroad.
FCA, DAP, DDP, CFR — for shipping Russian products to a foreign buyer.
Incoterms don't apply to services — the contract uses its own acceptance terms instead.
Performance terms and the acceptance procedure are set out in a dedicated section.
A mistake in the delivery term causes problems with customs, the bank, and your partner
All the sections the bank requires for registration under 173-FZ
How to choose a delivery basis and what each Incoterms 2020 term changes
Pick the delivery term in the form — the generator inserts it into every relevant section of a bilingual DOCX for the bank and customs.
Choosing the delivery term is one of the key questions when drafting a Russia trade contract. It determines who arranges and pays for transport, insurance, and customs clearance, and at what point the risk of accidental loss transfers from seller to buyer. A mistake in the Incoterms wording leads to disputes with the counterparty, bank rejection at registration, and problems during customs declaration.
Seven of the eleven rules work with any mode of transport: road, rail, air, sea and multimodal. They are listed below in ascending order of the seller's obligations.
EXW (Ex Works) — the seller only makes the goods available at their own premises. Loading, outbound transport and export clearance fall to the buyer. The lightest obligation of all the rules.
FCA (Free Carrier) — the seller hands the goods to a carrier engaged by the buyer and handles export clearance. Risk passes on handover. It works for any mode of transport; the ICC notes recommend it instead of EXW when the buyer cannot handle export clearance, and instead of FOB for containers.
CPT (Carriage Paid To) — the seller pays carriage to the named place, but risk passes to the buyer earlier, when the goods are handed to the first carrier. That gap between where risk passes and where carriage is paid to is the main source of disputes under CPT.
CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid To) — as CPT, plus the seller insures the cargo. The 2020 revision raised the cover to Institute Cargo Clauses (A), at no less than 110% of the value of the goods.
DAP (Delivered at Place) — the seller brings the goods to the agreed place and puts them at the buyer's disposal ready for unloading. Unloading and import clearance stay with the buyer.
DPU (Delivered at Place Unloaded) — the only rule under which the seller must unload: delivery happens once the goods have been unloaded at the named place.
DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) — the seller's maximum obligation: delivery, import clearance and duties in the buyer's country all fall on them. On import into the EAEU under a deal with a foreign party only a person of a member state can be the declarant (Art. 83(1)(1) of the EAEU Customs Code), so a foreign seller cannot clear the goods in itself; for such cases the ICC recommends DAP or DPU.
The remaining four rules are for sea and inland waterway transport only: delivery under them is tied to the vessel. They do not fit road or rail carriage, and for a container handed to the carrier at a terminal before it goes on board the ICC notes recommend FCA, CPT or CIP.
FAS (Free Alongside Ship) — the seller delivers the goods alongside the vessel at the port of shipment. Loading on board is at the buyer's cost.
FOB (Free On Board) — risk passes once the goods are placed on board the vessel at the port of shipment. The buyer pays freight and insurance from there on.
CFR (Cost and Freight) — the seller pays freight to the destination port, but risk passes to the buyer back at the port of shipment, on board.
CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight) — as CFR, plus insurance at the seller's cost. Unlike CIP, minimum cover under Clauses (C) is enough here, so for high-value cargo the buyer should arrange additional insurance.
FOB (Free On Board) — the seller delivers the goods to the port of shipment and loads them onto the vessel. From that point on, the buyer bears all costs and risks.
CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight) — the seller includes sea freight and insurance to the destination port in the price. Note: under CIF the cover is the minimum one — Institute Cargo Clauses (C). Wider protection is agreed separately, or CIP is chosen: the 2020 edition requires Institute Cargo Clauses (A) there.
FCA (Free Carrier) — the Russian company hands the goods to the buyer's carrier within Russia. Under FCA the seller handles Russian customs clearance, and further delivery is at the buyer's expense. DAP (Delivered at Place) — the seller delivers the goods to an agreed destination point in the buyer's country without unloading.
When importing goods into Russia, customs value equals the price of the goods plus delivery costs to the place of arrival in the EAEU customs territory plus insurance. Under CIF and CFR, freight is already included in the price — customs accepts it as the base. Under FOB or EXW, the freight cost from the port of shipment to the border is added to the contract price. The wrong term can lead to an understated customs value and claims from the Federal Customs Service.
EXW (Ex Works) means the seller only makes the goods available at their own warehouse — the buyer handles everything else, including export customs clearance in the seller's country. On imports from China this creates complications: the Russian company must arrange the export of goods through Chinese customs, which requires a local agent. EXW suits self-pickup or when the buyer has a reliable forwarder in the country of dispatch.
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